Linear Equations

Linear Equations Workbook presents the student with the basics of solving linear equations, including equations that involve a variable on both sides and equations that require the usage of the distributive property to eliminate parentheses. We also briefly study inequalities and graphing. This workbook best suits pre-algebra or grades 7 to 8 mathematics studies.The first lesson reviews the concept of an equation and how to model equations using a pan balance (scale). The basic principle for solving equations is that, when you perform the same operation on both sides of an equation, the two sides remain equal.The workbook presents two alternatives for keeping track of the operations to be performed on an equation. The one method, writing the operation under each side of the equation, is common in the United States. The other method, writing the operation in the right margin, is common in Finland. Either way is correct, and the choice is just a matter of the personal preference of the teacher.The introduction to solving equations is followed by a lesson on addition and subtraction equations and another on multiplication and division equations. All the equations are easily solved in only one step of calculations. The twofold goal is to make the student proficient in manipulating negative integers and also to lay a foundation for handling more involved equations that are studied later on in the workbook.In the next lesson, students write equations to solve simple word problems. Even though they could solve most of these problems without using the equations, the purpose of the lesson is to make the student proficient in writing simple equations before moving on to more complex equations from more difficult word problems.The next topic, in the lesson Constant Speed, is solving problems with distance (d), rate or velocity (v), and time (t). Students use the equivalent formulas d = vt and v = d/t to solve problems involving constant or average speed. They learn an easy way to remember the formula v = d/t from the unit for speed that they already know, “miles per hour.”In later lessons, we delve deeper into our study of equations. Now the equations require two or more steps to solve and may contain parentheses. The variable may appear on both sides of the equation. Students will also write equations to solve simple word problems.There is also a lesson on patterns of growth, which may seem to be simply a fascinating topic, but in reality presents the fundamentals of a very important concept in algebra - that of linear functions (although they are not mentioned by that name) - and complements the study of lines in the subsequent lessons.After the section about equations, the text briefly presents the basics of inequalities and how to graph them on a number line. Students apply the principles for solving equations to solve simple inequalities and word problems that involve inequalities.The last major topic is graphing. Students begin the section by learning to graph linear equations and continue on to the concept of slope, which in informal terms is a measure of the inclination of a line. More formally, slope can be defined as the ratio of the change in y-values to the change in x-values. The final lesson applies graphing to the previously-studied concepts of speed, time, and distance through graphs of the equation d = vt in the coordinate plane. Read more